The Story of Sally-Ann and Michael

Feelings before the ligation

Never could I have envisioned the spiritual journey that awaited me when my husband, Mike, and I married in the Catholic Church in the spring of 1984. We were both in our early 20’s, and Mike had three years of optometric college to complete. Since I was raised Catholic, I attended many years of CCD, but I do not ever recall being taught about Natural Family Planning (NFP) or the Church’s teaching on artificial contraceptives. I recollect that in my public high school the “Catholic” rhythm method was explained to have a high failure rate and required lengthy periods of abstinence. Of course, other means of birth control were presented as effective and reasonable. Mike was fortunate to have been raised in a very traditional Catholic family in which the Church’s opposition to contraceptives was accepted; nonetheless, even though he embraced this belief, he was not capable of explaining this teaching to me in a convincing way. Nor had he received an adequate understanding of NFP.

Before we were married, Mike and I attended a Pre-Cana weekend. This provided an excellent opportunity for us to probe important issues about our views and expectations of marriage, and it certainly acted as a catalyst in challenging us to discuss our goals. The Church’s stance on contraception was stated but no expanded upon. Basically, this teaching was treated with a “wink”. In fact, we were told it was “assumed” we would use birth control! Mike first heard the expression “Vatican roulette” at our Pre-Cana weekend!

The topic of Natural Family Planning was mentioned during this weekend, but no details or encouragement were provided. None of the married couples who led the program had incorporated the use of NFP into their marriages; therefore, we had no model to emulate. This demonstrates the lack of support for the Catholic position on artificial contraception. At this time Mike and I considered the Church’s teaching on sexuality to be unrealistic and harsh, reflecting on the secular world’s impact on our beliefs. In retrospect it is heartbreaking that here was the perfect opportunity for the Church community to witness to about the beauty of Catholic teaching on sexuality and marriage, but instead the secular world’s view was emphasized, and we were left with our misconceptions.

During our engagement our Catholicism was a common thread that bound us. Our shared Catholic faith was an important part of what attracted me to Mike and why we believed God was calling us to marriage. Although we attended Mass together, we made no effort to learn why the Church taught that contraception was immoral. Immediately before our marriage, Mike experienced a strong desire to follow Catholic orthodoxy as he began to envision life as a married man and contemplate his moral responsibilities to God and Church. Sadly, in the months leading up to our wedding day, since neither of us possessed a firm foundation on the alternative to artificial birth control, it was easy for me to persuade us both why artificial contraception was necessary. I knew Mike believed this was wrong, but I felt he had no viable alternative to offer.

We shared a common desire for children and agreed to start our family as soon as we felt it was reasonable; so, in Mike’s last year of graduate school we put aside birth control long enough to conceive our first baby. Over the next seven years we were blessed with three more children. In between the birth of each child, we always resorted to using contraceptives to maintain dominion over our bodies. Achieving pregnancy was never a problem, but unfortunately, I viewed my fertility with trepidation instead of accepting it as a wonderful blessing.

The thought of sterilization entered my mind after the birth of our third child. Thank goodness I did not follow through with it then or we would not have had our precious fourth baby. By the time this last child was born I knew that sterilization was inevitable, but whenever I seriously contemplated it, I always put it off just a little bit longer. I realize now that my conscience was telling me not to go through with it.

Whenever I raised the topic of tubal sterilization with Mike, he expressed his disapproval. Ultimately this would lead to an argument. He wanted us to remain open to the possibility of more children, but I was adamant that I couldn’t handle any more. Mike was depressed about my steadfast determination to be sterilized, but eventually his loyalty led him to support me in deed, if not in spirit. He felt spiritually defeated because he no longer believed he could convince me against this course of action.

I had numerous reasons for feeling justified in seeking a tubal sterilization, even though I knew the Catholic Church opposed this. First of all, we already had four children. I was aware that society views large families as socially irresponsible. By now we had exceeded our limit and certainly we’d be looked down upon if we chose to “overpopulate” the world further. I realized there was conflicting evidence about these supposed population problems, but I could not escape from the obvious expectations from society.

In addition, I experienced the pressures of striving to be a good mother. I already had four children within seven years. Many days I was overwhelmed with my responsibilities as a stay-at-home mom. I felt very insecure with my mothering skills and believed that having more children would compromise my ability to mother well. The financial costs of raising children also entered into my decision. I considered all these details through the world’s eyes.

I regard myself as strongly pro-life. I’ve always minded the effort to patronize obstetricians and hospitals that respect life of the unborn. In fact, when I learned of the birth control pill’s abortifacient capability, I vowed to never again use it as a means of contraception. However, as I was justifying my decision to be sterilized, I could see that my reasons were eerily similar to those that other women give to justify their abortions! Although my conscience was crying out to me, I allowed the “wisdom of the world” to drown it out. In my mind I rationalized this by telling myself that I was only preventing a conception, whereas those who choose abortion are actually killing an already conceived child. Somehow, I was able to classify my intent for sterilization as a “lesser evil”. From there it was a short step to convince myself that this was actually not evil at all. Society’s views convinced me that my intentions were honorable. Sadly, I did not see that the world’s so-called wisdom reduced me to a “sex object”, treated my fertility with shame, and denied me the blessing of more children.

My final defense for sterilization was unbelievably ironic. Somehow, I imagined that by allowing myself to be rendered infertile, other methods of artificial birth control would be unnecessary, and thus I would be more closely in accordance with Church teaching. I mistakenly assumed that this could make contraception a nonissue so I would no longer have this moral quandary pressing on my heart and mind. This type of reasoning is utter nonsense, but it shows the mental gymnastics I had to go through to find some rationalization for not following the Lord’s Will.

Eventually I allowed my “reasoning” to prevail, and I scheduled a tubal sterilization for April. My youngest child had recently turned four, and I remember thinking I should hurry and have the surgery done before I changed my mind. Clearly my heart was revealing that this would be a mistake, but I didn’t heed the warning.

It is not surprising that in the months and weeks leading up to my surgery I was unable to pray about my decision. Normally I would have no trouble “chatting” with the Lord, and I would frequently turn to God during my daily routine to lift up a special intention or prayer of thanksgiving. But now, due to my plan for sterilization, I was suddenly silent. I knew I was rebelling against the Church teaching. How could I ask God to approve of something that I realized he opposed? I was afraid to pray for discernment because I knew what His answer would be and I didn’t intend to hear it. I wanted to remain in control. Somehow, I was convinced that God would understand. After all, wasn’t my will more important? Wasn’t my will greater?

My memory of my thoughts in the days leading up to the sterilization remains blank. I just wanted to get it over and done with as soon as possible. I could not allow myself to dwell on the finality of what I was about to do. A moment that I do remember is when I awoke form the anesthesia and the thought flashed through my mind, “I won’t ever have another child.” Now I realize that this statement arose from my grieving heart.

Feelings after the ligation

Regret enveloped me within weeks of my sterilization. The gravity of my sin weighed heavily on my conscience. Often, I had felt that my reception of the Eucharist was a sacrilege because of my use of artificial birth control, and being sterilized did nothing to diminish this feeling. Instead, shame overwhelmed me. Exactly at a time when the Holy Spirit was helping me renew my Faith, I had consented to a procedure that was completely contrary to God’s Will. By completely destroying my fertility, I was like a drunk who had to hit rock bottom before beginning the long climb to spiritual recovery.

Ultimately it would be my journey toward a deeper understanding and love for my Catholic faith that motivated my decision to have the tubal reversal. Seven months prior to my sterilization, Mike and I had enrolled our three older children into a wonderful Catholic School, Guardian Angel Academy, in Staunton, Virginia. A tremendous peace flooded my soul as I witnessed my children being nourished not only educationally, but also spiritually. Here stood a school proud to be Catholic and doing an exceptional job of teaching the fullness of the Faith. We also had the good fortune to be members of St. Francis of Assisi Catholic Church. Our parish priest, Rev. John Abe, did an exceptional job of demonstrating Eucharistic devotion. Nor was he afraid to speak up for the Truth. His love of Catholic tradition was evident for all to see. Parishioners actually dressed for Mass as if they were going to visit the Lord rather than going on a picnic! The reverent Mass and perpetually Eucharistic adoration inspired parishioners to display their humble worship for the Blessed Sacrament.

In combination, these blessings inspired me to learn more about my Catholic faith. My children were learning so much in school that it became evident that their knowledge of the Faith was rapidly surpassing mine! It was time for mom to catch up. I began to immerse myself in Catholic books and magazines. Stories of Catholic converts like Scott and Kimberly Hahn had an enormous impact on me. Here I was, a cradle Catholic, and I didn’t possess the understanding and love of my faith that these new evangelists enjoyed. My appreciation for this gift, that had always been a part of my life, exploded. At last, instead of being Catholic just because that was how I was raised, I began to embrace the Faith with my heart, should, and mind, and make it my own. It amazed me how Catholic converts could have such a profound understanding and acceptance of the teaching against contraception manifested by their desire to learn and their willingness to be open to the Truth due to their deep love for the Lord and His Church. Before my sterilization I was afraid to explore this subject. Now, finally, I was hungry to hear what the Church had to teach me.

For the first time in my life, I had the courage to read Humanae Vitae-Pope Paul VI’s encyclical on human life. At long last I began to reflect on the unitive and procreative meaning of the conjugal act and how contraceptives, by cleaving these two purposes, are contrary to God’s Will. I had to admit that it was not moral to allow an evil act, in this case my sterilization, to justify any presumed good intention for my family. The Pope had clearly predicted the immoral slide downward that would occur in society once contraception was accepted. Suddenly I could see the connection between contraception and infidelity, premarital sex, abortion, homosexuality, pornography, and the degradation of women. Through the fidelity of my marriage, I believed I had been leading am orally upright life, but now I saw that through my own use of contraceptives, I had added to the sexual sins of the world. Instead of being part of the solution, I was part of the problem. Through my actions I, too, had wounded our Lord.

During the months I struggled with the choice I had made to be sterilized, I continued to seek our sources that articulated the Church’s teaching. Even though I had not completely understood this doctrine, I acknowledged the fact that I had willingly dissented against the wisdom of the Church, and now I sought to learn as much as possible. Some of the books that I found to be particularly helpful were: Rome Sweet Rome by Scott and Kimberly Hahn, Why Humanae Vitae Was Right edited by Janet Smith, Natural Family Planning by John and Sheila Kippley, and Physicians Healed edited by Cleta Hartman. I learned of the scriptural basis for avoiding contraception. The Bible taught us to “be fruitful and multiply” (Gen 1:26-28). Children are referred to as blessings (Ps 127 & 128). The Lord even slew Onan because “he did a detestable thing” by attempting to prevent contraception with his brother’s widow (Gen 38:8-10)! Finally, in Romans 12:1-2 Christians are commanded to “present your bodies as a living sacrifice. and do not be conformed to this world.” Fertility is not a disease, but by conforming to our society, I had viewed my fertility as something to be feared instead of recognized it as a blessing from the Lord- and I had thrown His gift away!

In the Bible, spouses are called to love each other as deeply as Christ loves the Church. The Lord withholds none of this wholly unselfish love from His people. In fact, Christ’s love is so complete that he offered up His body by dying on the cross! When spouses use contraceptives in their marital act, they withhold their fertility from each other. Marital contraception invalidates the sexual act of love by its refusal to be totally self-giving. When spouses use contraceptives in their marital act, they withhold their fertility from each other. Marital contraception invalidates the sexual act of love by its refusal to be totally self-giving. When spouses intentionally thwart the possibility of transmitting life, they contradict the marriage covenant instead of renewing it. God has given spouses the incredible privilege of being the means through which He brings new souls into the world. Contraceptive intercourse reduces the sexual union to a recreational activity, instead of elevating it to a participation with the Lord in the act of creation. When we exclude the power of God to work within our marital union, we are denying ourselves, and the world, the blessing of children.

Unfortunately, I had treated this teaching as an ideal rather than as the norm. Since I had never been nourished with the wisdom of Humanae Vitae, it was easy to find numerous reasons not to accept this ideal or teaching. In accepting sterilization, I believed I was following my conscience; however, I had never properly formed my conscience! This was partially a deliberate unwillingness on my part to seek an understanding of why the Church condemned contraception and sterilization. The more I learned about my Faith, the more I was struck by my own hypocrisy. How could I think that 2,000 years of Church teaching could be set aside for me? How could I, on the one hand, teach my children to follow the Faith and trust the Church’s wisdom, but on the other hand, dissent front he teaching that I found personally difficult? If I, as a parent, denied the Church’s teaching in even this one area, how could I ever direct my children to the Church as “the foundation of all Truth” (1 Tim 3:15)? Our oldest child was almost a teenager, and it was my job to teach her sexual morals with the Church’s guidance. If I justified making an exception to even one Church teaching, how could I expect her to follow any Church teaching?

The more I considered our call to embrace the Church’s teachings wholeheartedly, even when they are difficult to follow, the clearer the answer became. The Lord had given us so many blessings: a loving marriage, four beautiful children, our health, supportive parents, wonderful Christian friends, and the Faith. In addition, He led us to a Catholic Church and school that nurtured our family’s faith. We experienced His loving presence in our lives every day. Whenever our family endeavored to follow His Will, He always blessed our efforts abundantly. His love for us is immeasurable. My own life was already a reflection of the blessings and happiness that the Lord bestows when we follow His laws. Indeed, our marital bond was strengthened by our adherence to the teaching of fidelity and our belief in the sacramental, life-long role of marriage. How could I not trust the Lord’s continued blessings through our complete acceptance of Humanae Vitae and the rejection of contraception? Christians look upon the world and clearly witness the connection between sexual sins such as infidelity, pornography, and premarital sex to the destruction of society, the family, the unborn, and the souls of individuals. Following the Lord’s Will out of love for Him, even when the road is morally challenging, rewards us with joy! Our marriage would stand as an adherence to God’s laws. How could I doubt the assurance of the Lord’s care and blessings if I rejected the sin of contraception.

After my sterilization it took me almost two months to build up the courage to go to confession. By this time, I was already having serious regrets about what I had done. As I entered the confessional and knelt down, I began to cry in despair. I told my priest, Fr. John Abe, that I had done something so terrible I didn’t think he’d be able to absolve me. During my confession he mentioned that if I felt this much remorse for what I had done, I should think about the possibility of having the procedure reversed. Since I was already considering this idea, I took his suggestion seriously. Guilt and shame weighed on my heart even after absolution. Through the sacrament of confession Jesus had forgiven my sin, but I still had to forgive myself. Merely saying that I finally accepted Church teaching would not be enough. Acceptance required action. Otherwise, I would feel I was paying lip service to my beliefs instead of demonstrating the courage of my convictions. A tubal reversed would be my small way of healing the Body of Christ on earth.

I remembered seeing an advertisement for the organization One More Soul in a Catholic publication. I contacted them and was fortunate to have the opportunity to speak with Peggy Powell. What a relief to have another Catholic woman to confide in who shared my experience and understood my feelings! I told her of my growing desire to be in full communion with Church teaching and how I needed to express the sincerity of my conversation by taking the necessary steps to undo my sterilization. Peggy supplied me with the names and phone numbers of surgeons who offered tubal reversals at reduced costs. Now it was up to me to decide if I was truly committed to undoing the wrong that I had done.

When I shared with my husband my growing desire to have a tubal reversal, I had his enthusiastic encouragement. Since my sterilization, Mike had been grieving for the future children we would not have. I always knew that his support for the sterilization had been half-hearted. Now I was surprised to learn that another of my assumptions had been wrong: Part of my reluctance to consider Natural Family Planning was based on my uncertainty of how Mike would bear the challenge of periodic abstinence. For some reason I had never felt comfortable confronting him with this question. Perhaps it was the world’s constant focus on sex that made me doubt any man’s willingness to make such a sacrifice. Mike was not aware of my need to hear him express that his desire to follow church teaching would equip him with the strength to accept times of abstinence. He confided that he had even considered leaving me when I decided to be sterilized. Thank God he didn’t. I sometimes wonder if there was anything that he could have done or said to have dissuaded me. Until I was willing to allow the Holy Spirit to work in me, I would have probably resented any efforts he might have made.

The kindness of a friend strengthened my courage to pursue the reversal. One day I shared my predicament with a young woman named Monica Wirth who attends my church. During a conversation she expressed her support for Natural Family Planning. Although I was ashamed to admit I’d been sterilized, I opened my heart to her because I knew she’d be supportive of my decision to reverse it. I explained my desire for the surgery but mentioned that one of the obstacles Mike and I faced was how to manage the care of our four children when we went out of town. Without hesitation she volunteers to care for them. Her generous offer provided me incredible relief. It seemed that I had cleared a major hurdle. It is no small task to be willing to care for four young children (along with her own two) for three long days. What a beautiful example of true Christian friendship! In Monica’s complete acceptance of Church teaching, I felt humbled by the wisdom of a woman ten years my junior. In opening their home to our children, Monica and her husband John went above and beyond the call of duty. I mention my friend’s involvement to demonstrate the impact that one person’s Catholic witness can have. This may seem like a minor incident, but just one other person’s support had tremendous significance in bolstering my spiritual courage.

My conversion did not happen instantaneously, but over the course of weeks, as slowly I opened my heart to God’s will. At the moment I genuinely made the commitment in my heart and mind to undergo the tubal reversal, an amazing sense of serenity overwhelmed me. At long last I embraced the fullness of the Catholic faith and turned my will over to the wisdom of the Church. No longer would I have the burden of creating my own moral laws to suit my own will. From now on I would allow my Heavenly Father to lead me through the voice of the Church. It was time for me to relinquish the control that I had been so convinced I had to maintain and place my trust in God.

During the ensuing months, as Mike and I saved the money for the surgery and made our plans, I was very selective about with whom I shared our story. Since I was still a weakling in my convictions, I realized Satan could use this against me; therefore, I only spoke of my impending surgery with individuals who I was confident would offer emotional support and pray for us. As I continued my pursuit to learn more about Church teaching, my mind and heart underwent a gradual change. St. Augustine had expressed this thought beautifully: “Understanding is the reward of faith. Do not therefore try to understand in order that you may believe, but believe in order that you may understand.”

After I resolved to have the reversal, I began to consider what the practical consequences might be. My original motivation was based solely on my desire to be in full communion with the Faith and to finally enjoy the peace of feeling that I deserved the label “practicing Catholic.” Upon deciding to have the reversal, I began to reflect on the chance that we could have more children. An interesting thing happened. Suddenly my conviction of never wanting more children evolved into a yearning to conceive another life. Once I was open to the possibility that God could send us more children, I began to desire it instead of wanting to prevent it. I appreciated what the reality of another baby in our lives would be- a blessing. My fertility had been a magnificent gift front he Lord, and I regretted not having treasured it.

All of my worries did not vanish overnight. I had to deal with many fears as the date drew nearer for my tubal re-anastomosis. My concerns regarding my mothering abilities and the effect more children would have on our family continued to plague me. I vividly remember one night, as I was driving to sleep, suddenly being jolted awake with anxiety. “What am I doing? I’m not capable of handling more children!” The instant this fear gripped my heart, another thought entered my mind: “That’s Satan talking to me!”

The Lord had revealed the source of my worries. After this revelation my apprehension did not vanish completely, but when doubts arose it was easier for me to allay them because I understood who was placing these fears into my heart. Satan is exceptionally cunning in his attempts to turn us away front he Lord and the Truth. He knows our most vulnerable places, and he uses these weaknesses against us.

In the month immediately leading up to the surgery, Mike and I experienced a lot of turbulence within our marriage. It puzzled me that at a time when we were striving to follow the Lord’s Will, there was so much trouble between us. I concluded that Satan was working against us again. He recognized that the only way left to prevent us from following throughout with our commitment to the Lord was to destroy our marriage. The closer we drew to the Faith, the harder Satan worked to discourage our efforts. By this time, we had experienced the serenity of knowing we were on the right path, and we were determined to stay the course regardless of any obstacles that Satan might put in our way.

In late September 1999, Mike and I traveled to Jackson, Tennessee, where we met with the doctor. He was the surgeon who would be preforming my tubal reanastomosis. We learned of the doctor through One More Soul and were informed that he considers it his ministry to provide reversals to women at sharply reduced costs. We paid $3,300 for a surgery that would typically cost $8,000 to $12,000.

I had some fears regarding how the hospital staff would treat me. Would they act like I was crazy to want a tubal reversal when I already had four children? It turns out these concerns were groundless because everyone was very courteous and encouraging about the doctor’s surgical abilities and his successes. I said a prayer that God would guide his hands while he operated on me.

The following morning the doctor performed the surgery. The results of my tubal reversal were mixed. One fallopian tube was so badly damaged by the sterilization that it was irreparable. The doctor was confident about the successful repair of the other tube. The predominant feelings that Mike and I experienced after the surgery were joy and celebration that we had re-opened a door by which the Lord’s power could work if He ever chose to bring new life through us. Even after major surgery, I was able to travel the 600 miles home by car the next day. The pain medication that I was given kept me comfortable and sleepy the majority of the trip. I rested in bed most of the next day and each subsequent day I felt better and better physically. When Mike returned to work three days after my surgery, I was able to slowly resume my mothering duties without too much difficulty.

Feelings after ligation reversal

The detrimental effect that artificial contraception had on our marriage was only revealed in retrospect. We had not recognized the graced we had been denying ourselves. Since my reversal Mike and I have obtained new peace in our lives, and we’ve experienced a deepening of love toward each other I feel more cherished and valued as a wife. Mike expressed that he honors me of my courage in going through with the reversal. There was an intimacy within our marriage that had not existed before. Now we offer each other the fullness of our love in the pure way that the Lord intended. Our lovemaking has been raised from a mere physical act to a spiritual partaking in the renewal of our marital bond with the Lord. The enjoyment and the love that we obtain through our sexual intimacy have increased. God has blessed us with deeper peace within our marriage because we are following His Holy Will.

Now Mike and I experience the joy of living in accordance with God’s design for spouses. Our relationship is better than it has ever been. We have grown in deeper adoration and appreciation of our Catholic Faith, and it’s wonderful to be in full communion with our Church at last. Our Faith challenges us with high moral expectations. As we endeavor to live up to these challenges we are not repressed, we are set free! At long last when I received the Eucharist, although I am unworthy, I no longer feel I am guilty of sacrilege.

In retrospect I wonder if my acceptance of Church teaching on contraception could have occurred sooner. At the same time, I contemplate how this teaching can best be passed on to my children and other young Catholics in such a way that they will understand internalize, and live out this truth in their lives. The majority of Catholics know that the Church opposes the use of artificial birth control, but so many have made no attempt to incorporate this teaching into their lives. They feel no obligation to live out this calling in their marriages. I firmly believe that if more Catholics were presented with the beauty and wisdom of this teaching, they would be more willing to accept it.

There are many levels within the Church community in which a more active role in the education of this Truth can and should occur. To start with, Our CCD, RCIA, and Catholic school courses need to convey this in a very thorough manner so that individuals will understand the why of the teaching, instead of assuming that an out-of-touch Church hierarchy is imposing unrealistic burden on them. Humanae Vitae should be required reading for all Pre-Cana couples, and NFP-practicing spouses should be available to explain how this teaching is lived out in their own marriages. In the Pre-Cana class that Mike and I attended was a couple that spoke about their use of birth control and eventual sterilization! Needless to say, this was not the example that should have been presented of rue to emulate.

Spouses have an obligation to live out their call to serve each other. This is particularly crucial when the practice of NFP becomes difficult and we are tempted to give in to society’s cynicism. They husband’s role is crucial in assuring that wives are adequately care for and supported during the years of raising little ones. He must put his family first so that his wife’s role as a mother will be a joyful one and not become a burden. At the same time, a wife must show respect for her husband’s needs and act responsibly with the family budget so that his duties to provide for this family will not become overwhelming. Finally, Catholic educators, priests, and NFP-practicing couples must not hesitate to speak out passionately to defend the Truth. We must have the courage to witness to others since we never know when the Holy Spirit might use us to plant a seed in the hearts and minds of others.

It is not always easy for me to share my story with others in our parish community, mostly because I am ashamed of my earlier rejection of Church teaching. I have spoken with women who use NFP for birth spacing and have found that, rather than expressing shock and outrage over my sterilization, they have shown nothing but support and compassion for my reversal experience. My friend Leanne, a mom of four young children, confided that my story helps her remain strong in her convictions whenever she becomes discouraged. This alone may be reason enough to make my journey worthwhile.

Certainly, Mike and I wish we could have reached this place in our spiritual journey much earlier in our marriage. Our desire for another child may not be fulfilled because of the damage I did to my body through chemicals and surgery. Nonetheless we are eternally grateful to the Holy Spirit for guiding us to a more fervent condition in our Faith. Hopefully our experience will not have been in vain and may deter others from the same wrong decisions we made. Perhaps our story will provide inspiration to other married couples who are contemplating a sterilization reversal. We pray that they will the courage to proceed with the surgery and gain the subsequent joy of obtaining not only a healed body, but also a healed soul. Oh, the glorious peace that we receive when we reject the wisdom of this world and embrace the wisdom of the Lord!

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